No – Page 21 – Cell Stress

Reciprocal regulatory circuits coordinating EMT plasticity

In the context of malignant tumor progression epithelial tumor cells can gain metastatic properties via an EMT induced by diverse extracellular stimuli (e.g. transforming growth factor β, TGFβ), which enables … Read more

Metastatic-initiating cells and lipid metabolism

INTRODUCTION Metastasis is an inefficient process at the cellular level, yet it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths [cite]10.1016/j.stem.2014.02.002[/cite]. Despite intense investigation, the identity of the tumor cells with … Read more

Protein quality control meets transcriptome remodeling under stress

Protein quality control (PQC) is an essential part of cellular homeostasis and encompasses the balance of non-native protein folding and degradation. Under stress, triage of non-native or disassembled proteins to … Read more

Exploding the necroptotic bubble

Several new types of regulated cell death have emerged from analysis of necrotic forms of cell death; one example is necroptosis, a RIPK3-MLKL-dependent and caspase-independent form of cell death. Although … Read more

The role of hydrophobic matching on transmembrane helix packing in cells

INTRODUCTION Assembly of the native structure of most integral membrane proteins takes place in two main steps [cite source=’pubmed’]1694455[/cite]. The first step includes targeting and insertion of the protein into … Read more

Tumor suppressive Ca²⁺ signaling is driven by IP₃ receptor fitness

Intracellular Ca2+ signals critically control a plethora of cellular functions, of which many impact cellular death and/or survival, processes often dysregulated in cancer [cite]10.1038/nrc.2017.18[/cite]. In healthy cells, Ca2+ signaling is … Read more

Emerging roles of mitochondria and autophagy in liver injury during sepsis

Recent research indicates crucial roles of autophagy during sepsis. In animal models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or the systemic administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), autophagy is implicated in the activation and/or damage of various cells/organs, such as immune cells, heart, lung, kidney, and liver. Since sepsis is associated with an increased production of pro- as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines, it has long been considered that hypercytokinemia is a fetal immune response leading to multiple organ failure (MOF) and mortality of humans during sepsis. However, a recent paradigm illuminates the crucial roles of mitochondrial dysfunction as well as the perturbation of autophagy in the pathogenesis of sepsis. In the livers of animal models of sepsis, autophagy is involved in the elimination of damaged mitochondria to prevent the generation of mitochondrial ROS and the initiation of the mitochondrial apoptotic (…)

Fumarase mediates transcriptional response to nutrient stress

To date, emerging evidence demonstrate that metabolites participate in a wide variety of cellular activities besides their direct role in metabolism. Previous studies have reported that metabolic activity of FH … Read more

VDAC1 at the crossroads of cell metabolism, apoptosis and cell stress

VDAC ISOFORMS, STRUCTURE, AND CHANNEL ACTIVITY VDAC isoforms and cellular localization Three different VDAC isoforms, VDAC1, VDAC2 and VDAC3, sharing ~70% identity and structural and some functional properties [cite]10.1016/j.mam.2010.03.002[/cite][cite]10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.10.005[/cite], are … Read more

The long non-coding RNA H19 – a new player in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide [cite]10.3322/caac.20107[/cite]. Incidence is increasing and due to its high chemoresistance, the therapeutic options are limited and HCC has … Read more