Volume 3 (2019)

Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and the response to cell stress

Florian Lang1, Christos Stournaras2, Nefeli Zacharopoulou2, Jakob Voelkl3,4, Ioana Alesutan3,4,5

INTRODUCTION The ubiquitously expressed [1][2][3][4] serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) has originally been cloned as a gene up-regulated by serum and glucocorticoids in rat mammary tumor cells [1][5]. The

Regulation of T cell antitumor immune response by tumor induced metabolic stress

Fanny Chalmin1,2,3,4, Mélanie Bruchard1,2,3,4, Frederique Vegran1,2,3,4 and Francois Ghiringhelli1,2,3,4

Adaptive T cell immune response is essential for tumor growth control. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is regulated by intratumoral immune response. The tumor microenvironment has a major role in adaptive immune response tuning. Tumor cells generate a particular metabolic environment in comparison to other tissues. Tumors are characterized by glycolysis, hypoxia, acidosis, amino acid depletion and fatty acid metabolism modification. Such metabolic changes promote tumor growth, impair immune response and lead to resistance to therapies. This review will detail how these modifications strongly affect CD8 and CD4 T cell functions and impact immunotherapy efficacy.

Previous

Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and the response to cell stress

Florian Lang1, Christos Stournaras2, Nefeli Zacharopoulou2, Jakob Voelkl3,4, Ioana Alesutan3,4,5

INTRODUCTION The ubiquitously expressed [1][2][3][4] serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) has originally been cloned as a gene up-regulated by serum and glucocorticoids in rat mammary tumor cells [1][5]. The

Regulation of T cell antitumor immune response by tumor induced metabolic stress

Fanny Chalmin1,2,3,4, Mélanie Bruchard1,2,3,4, Frederique Vegran1,2,3,4 and Francois Ghiringhelli1,2,3,4

Adaptive T cell immune response is essential for tumor growth control. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is regulated by intratumoral immune response. The tumor microenvironment has a major role in adaptive immune response tuning. Tumor cells generate a particular metabolic environment in comparison to other tissues. Tumors are characterized by glycolysis, hypoxia, acidosis, amino acid depletion and fatty acid metabolism modification. Such metabolic changes promote tumor growth, impair immune response and lead to resistance to therapies. This review will detail how these modifications strongly affect CD8 and CD4 T cell functions and impact immunotherapy efficacy.

Previous

Regulation of T cell antitumor immune response by tumor induced metabolic stress

Fanny Chalmin1,2,3,4, Mélanie Bruchard1,2,3,4, Frederique Vegran1,2,3,4 and Francois Ghiringhelli1,2,3,4

Adaptive T cell immune response is essential for tumor growth control. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is regulated by intratumoral immune response. The tumor microenvironment has a major role in adaptive immune response tuning. Tumor cells generate a particular metabolic environment in comparison to other tissues. Tumors are characterized by glycolysis, hypoxia, acidosis, amino acid depletion and fatty acid metabolism modification. Such metabolic changes promote tumor growth, impair immune response and lead to resistance to therapies. This review will detail how these modifications strongly affect CD8 and CD4 T cell functions and impact immunotherapy efficacy.

Previous

LTX-315 – a promising novel antitumor peptide and immunotherapeutic agent

Dagmar Zweytick1,2

Host defense in mammals, as provided by the innate immune system, comprises proteins such as lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein originally discovered in bovine milk. LF is further pepsin-cleaved

Anti-regulatory T cells are natural regulatory effector T cells

Niels Ødum 1

It is well established that the immune system uses regulatory immune-suppressive cells to inhibit and terminate immune reactions and maintain immune balance. In the last decade, Andersen and colleagues have

The targeting of tumor-associated macrophages by vaccination

Mads Hald Andersen1,2,3

Immune suppressive myeloid cells include a heterogenous population of cells that include tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are major players in inducing the immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with many tumors. These lesions

Mitochondrial stress delays tumorigenesis in a Li-Fraumeni syndrome mouse model

Matthew P. Donnelly1, Jie Li1 and Paul M. Hwang1

As a prominent hub of metabolic activity, the mitochondrion can initiate retrograde signaling in response to bioenergetic stress that is important for various adaptive changes including cell cycle regulation [1][2].

Mitochondria organize the cellular proteostatic response and promote cellular senescence

Yanjun Li1, Lei Liu2, Yushan Zhu1 and Quan Chen1,2

Timely disposal and degradation of misfolded proteins and their aggregates is critical for cellular proteostasis and the well-being of a cell. During evolution, cells have acquired a sophisticated system to

Could de-stressing the brain be the solution for long-term weight loss?

Florian Seyfried1 and Mohammed K. Hankir2

INTRODUCTION One just needs to take a look at a typical vending machine (often found in hospitals) to appreciate what has happened to our food and drink. The relatively sudden