Microreviews
Kynurenine: an oncometabolite in colon cancer
Niranjan Venkateswaran1 and Maralice Conacci-Sorrell1,2,3
TRYPTOPHAN IS PREFERENTIALLY CONVERTED INTO KYNURENINE IN COLON CANCER Tryptophan can be utilized in three ways intracellularly: it can be incorporated into newly synthesized proteins, it can be processed by
Stress granules regulate paraspeckles: RNP granule continuum at work
Haiyan An1 and Tatyana A. Shelkovnikova1
Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of large, multicomponent RNA-protein complexes termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. RNP granules represent membraneless organelles – biomolecular condensates lacking a membrane and maintained through an intricate
Unraveling the molecular principles by which ceramides commit cells to death
Shashank Dadsena1, Dina G. Hassan1 and Joost C.M. Holthuis1
EMERGENCE OF CERAMIDES AS TUMOR SUPPRESSOR LIPIDS Sphingolipids are unusually versatile membrane components that participate in mechanical stability, signaling, and molecular sorting. As the path to their production is paved
Impact of prophylactic TNF blockade in the dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity
Maite Alvarez1,2, Itziar Otano1,2, Luna Minute1,2, Maria Carmen Ochoa1,2,3, Elisabeth Perez-Ruiz1,4, Ignacio Melero1,2,3,5,6 and Pedro Berraondo1,2,3
Inhibitory checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy has produced very significant advances in the fight against cancer (Figure 1). The synergistic combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade therapy has been successfully used
Tissue-resident memory T cells orchestrate tumour-immune equilibrium
Simone L. Park1, Laura K. Mackay1, Jason Waithman2 and Thomas Gebhardt1
EPICUTANEOUS MELANOMA INOCULATION: A MODEL OF TUMOUR-IMMUNE EQUILIBRIUM In order to study immune responses to skin cancer, B16 melanoma cells have traditionally been grafted to mice via intradermal or subcutaneous
The role of keratins in modulating carcinogenesis via communication with cells of the immune system
Inês Sequeira1 and Fiona M. Watt1
The connection between inflammation and cancer has been well established; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms in the context of keratin loss. Keratins belong to a large family
Development of novel methods that monitor necroptosis and the release of DAMPs at the single cell resolution
Hiroyasu Nakano1,2, Shin Murai1, Yoshifumi Yamaguchi3, Yoshitaka Shirasaki4,5, Osamu Nakabayashi1 and Soh Yamazaki1
HOW DOES SMART SENSE THE EXECUTION OF NECROPTOSIS? Various types of cells undergo necroptosis following stimulation with death ligands including tumor necrosis factor, Fas ligand, and TRAIL, or polyI:C, and
P4HA1 is a new regulator of the HIF-1 pathway in breast cancer
Ren Xu1,2
Prolyl hydroxylation is a very common posttranslational protein modification. About 4% amino acid residues in animal proteins are hydroxyproline, and most of hydroxyproline is within collagen. Regulation of protein stability
Full antagonist of the IL-7 receptor suppresses chronic inflammation in non-human primate models by controlling antigen-specific memory T cells
Lyssia Belarif1, Bernard Vanhove1 and Nicolas Poirier1
Targeting proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, is clinically beneficial in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). However, these cytokines are downstream mediators of immune responses that show poor impact