Publications

Alzheimer’s disease: amyloid-based pathogenesis and potential therapies

June 29, 2018

INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent forms of dementia; in 2015, for example, AD affected ~46.8 million people worldwide. It is estimated that this number will

Foie gras and liver regeneration: a fat dilemma

June 14, 2018

The liver has a unique ability of regenerating after injuries or partial loss of its mass. The mechanisms responsible for liver regeneration – mostly occurring when the hepatic tissue is damaged or functionally compromised by metabolic stress – have been studied in considerable detail over the last few decades, because this phenomenon has both basic-biology and clinical relevance. More specifically, recent interest has been focusing on the widespread occurrence of abnormal nutritional habits in the Western world that result in an increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is closely associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and it represents a major clinical challenge. The disease may progress to steatohepatitis with persistent inflammation and progressive liver damage, both of which will compromise regeneration under conditions of partial hepatectomy in surgical oncology or in liver transplantation procedures. Here, we analyze the impact of ER stress and SIRT1 in lipid metabolism and in fatty liver pathology (...)

Amelioration of obesity-induced diabetes by a novel autophagy enhancer

June 13, 2018

Our screening system was a convenient high throughput assay of autophagic flux rather than cumulative autophagy levels, and the index of autophagic activity was calculated as the ratio of the

Epigenetic mechanisms behind cellular sensitivity to DNA damage

June 12, 2018

INTRODUCTION Epigenetics is the regulation of gene expression independent of the gene sequence itself via the interactions between DNA and proteins called histones [cite]10.4161/epi.24042[/cite]. In the nucleus, DNA is highly

Membrane closure in stress induced-autophagosome formation

June 11, 2018

Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a bulk degradation system that sequesters cytoplasmic components by generating double-layered isolation membranes and delivering these isolated contents to the lysosomes [cite]10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005[/cite]. Though this pathway was originally

Striatal dual cholinergic /GABAergic transmission in Parkinson disease: friends or foes?

May 27, 2018

Although constituting less than 1% of neuronal population of the striatum, cholinergic interneurons play a major role in the control of sensory integration in preparation for movements. These giant neurons

The NLRC4 inflammasome requires IRF8-dependent production of NAIPs

May 22, 2018

Inflammasomes orchestrate cellular responses to pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns by controlling the activation of caspase-1. Inflammasome activation results in enzymatically active caspase-1, which mediates the maturation and release of

Targeting LRH-1/NR5A2 to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus

May 22, 2018

The liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) is a member of the NR5A family of nuclear receptors that plays a pivotal role in early embryonic development while later on it specifies the

Nucleolar Stress: hallmarks, sensing mechanism and diseases

May 10, 2018

The nucleolus is a prominent subnuclear compartment, where ribosome biosynthesis takes place. Recently, the nucleolus has gained attention for its novel role in the regulation of cellular stress. Nucleolar stress is emerging as a new concept, which is characterized by diverse cellular insult-induced abnormalities in nucleolar structure and function, ultimately leading to activation of p53 or other stress signaling pathways and alterations in cell behavior. Despite a number of comprehensive reviews on this concept, straightforward and clear-cut way criteria for a nucleolar stress state, regarding the factors that elicit this state, the morphological and functional alterations as well as the rationale for p53 activation are still missing. Based on literature of the past two decades, we herein summarize the evolution of the concept and provide hallmarks of nucleolar stress. Along with updated information and thorough discussion of existing confusions in the field, we pay particular attention to the current understanding of the sensing mechanisms (...)

Calling RNF168 to action

May 10, 2018

– [table id=103 /] – It is interesting to note that MDC1 acts as a node for the recruitment of both RNF8 and L3MBTL2 and brings these two factors into

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