The emerging role of minor intron splicing in neurological disorders

Authors:

Daniel Jutzi 1,2,+, Maureen V. Akinyi 3,+, Jonas Mechtersheimer1,2,+, Mikko J. Frilander3 and Marc-David Ruepp1,4

Affiliations:

1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.

2 Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.

3 Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.

4 United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 9NU London, UK.

+ These authors contributed equally to the work.

Keywords: 

minor spliceosome, pre-mRNA splicing, neurodegeneration, ALS, SMA, FUS, TDP-43.

Abbreviations:

3’ss – 3’ splice site,

5’ss – 5’ splice site,

ALS – Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,

BPS – branch point sequence,

EOCA – Early Onset Cerebellar Atrophy,

fALS – familial ALS,

FTD – frontotemporal dementia,

GEM – Gemini of Cajal bodies

IGHD – Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency,

LMN – lower motor neuron,

LWS – Lowry Wood Syndrome,

MODPD1/TALS – Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism type 1 / Taybi-Linder syndrome,

RFMN – Roifman syndrome,

sALS – sporadic ALS,

SMA – Spinal Muscular Atrophy,

snRNA – small nuclear RNA,

snRNP – small nuclear ribonucleoprotein,

UMN – upper motor neuron.

Corresponding Author(s):

Marc-David Ruepp, Ph.D, United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London SE5 9NU, U.K; Tel.: +44 (0)207 848 5687 marc-david.ruepp@kcl.ac.uk Mikko Frilander, Ph.D, Institute of Biotechnology, PL56 (Viikinkaari 5), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Tel.: +358-2941-59509 mikko.frilander@helsinki.fi

Conflict of interest statement:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Please cite this article as:

Daniel Jutzi, Maureen V. Akinyi, Jonas Mechtersheimer, Mikko J. Frilander and Marc-David Ruepp (2018). The emerging role of minor intron splicing in neurological disorders. Cell Stress 2(3): 40-54. doi: 10.15698/cst2018.03.126

© 2018 Jutzi et al. This is an open-access article released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are acknowledged.

Abstract:

Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression. Mutations in cis-acting sequence elements within pre-mRNA molecules or trans-acting factors involved in pre-mRNA processing have both been linked to splicing dysfunction that give rise to a large number of human diseases. These mutations typically affect the major splicing pathway, which excises more than 99% of all introns in humans. However, approximately 700-800 human introns feature divergent intron consensus sequences at their 5′ and 3′ ends and are recognized by a separate pre-mRNA processing machinery denoted as the minor spliceosome. This spliceosome has been studied less than its major counterpart, but has received increasing attention during the last few years as a novel pathomechanistic player on the stage in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge on minor spliceosome function and discuss its potential pathomechanistic role and impact in neurodegeneration.