Control of nucleolar stress and translational reprogramming by lncRNAs

Verheyden, Yvessa; Goedert, Lucas; Leucci, Eleonora

Control of nucleolar stress and translational reprogramming by lncRNAs

Authors:

Yvessa Verheyden¹, Lucas Goedert^1,2 and Eleonora Leucci¹

Affiliations:

¹ Laboratory of RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, LKI, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

² Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Keywords:

lncRNAs, ISR, IRES, uORFs, nucleolus, stress response, adaptation, ribosome biogenesis.

Abbreviations:

DFC – dense fibrillar components,

FC – fibrillar center,

GC – granular component,

IGS – intergenic spacer,

IRES – internal ribosome entry site,

lncRNA – long non-coding RNA,

mTOR – mammalian target of rapamycin,

NoDS – nucleolar detention sequence,

rRNA – ribosomal RNA,

TORC – TOR complex,

treRNA – translational regulatory lncRNA,

uORF – upstream open reading frame,

UTR – untranslated region.

Corresponding Author(s):

Prof. Eleonora Leucci, Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Onderwijs & Navorsing I, Herestraat 49, bus 818, room 06.423, 3000 LEUVEN; Phone: +32 016 33 01 16 eleonora.leucci@kuleuven.be

Conflict of interest statement:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Please cite this article as:

Yvessa Verheyden, Lucas Goedert and Eleonora Leucci (2019). Control of nucleolar stress and translational reprogramming by lncRNAs. Cell Stress 3(1): 19-26. doi: 10.15698/cst2019.01.172

© 2019 Verheyden et al. This is an open-access article released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are acknowledged.

Abstract:

Under adverse environmental conditions, cells activate stress responses that favour adaptation or, in case of irreversible damage, induce cell death. Multiple stress response pathways converge to downregulate ribosome biogenesis and translation since these are the most energy consuming processes in the cell. This adaptive response allows preserving genomic stability and saving energy for the recovery. It follows that the nucleolus is a major sensor and integrator of stress responses that are then transmitted to the translation machinery through an intricate series of conserved events. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of stress-induced cascades, for their ability to mediate post-transcriptional responses. Consistently, many of them are specifically expressed under stress conditions and a few have been already functionally linked to these processes, thus further supporting a role in stress management. In this review we survey different archetypes of lncRNAs specifically implicated in the regulation of nucleolar functions and translation reprogramming during stress responses.