FIGURE 3: Mouse models of psychosocial stress and response pathways resulting in psychosocial adaptation. (A) Prototypic models of psychosocial stress in mice include chronic social defeat and dominance tube test models, as well as models of acute stress such as tube restrains, cage switching and short-term social isolation. (B) Different stressors including psychosocial stress promote a compendium of physiological and behavioral alterations coupled to activation of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary (SAM) and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axes, as well as additional pathways which need to be further characterized. Deconvoluting the molecular pathways linking social stress to compromised mental and physical health may lead to the introduction of intervention strategies for improving psychosocial adaptation to stress.